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        <a href="../.." >自定义Mix任务</a>
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                                <section class="normal markdown-section">
                                
                                <p>&#x4E3A;&#x4F60;&#x7684; Elixir &#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x521B;&#x5EFA; Mix &#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;">&#x7B80;&#x4ECB;</h2>
<p>&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x6765;&#x6269;&#x5C55;&#x4F60;&#x7684; Elixir &#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x5E38;&#x89C1;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B66;&#x4E60;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x7ED9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7279;&#x5B9A; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x4E4B;&#x524D;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5DF2;&#x7ECF;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ mix phx.new my_phoenix_app

* creating my_phoenix_app/config/config.exs
* creating my_phoenix_app/config/dev.exs
* creating my_phoenix_app/config/prod.exs
* creating my_phoenix_app/config/prod.secret.exs
* creating my_phoenix_app/config/test.exs
* creating my_phoenix_app/lib/my_phoenix_app.ex
* creating my_phoenix_app/lib/my_phoenix_app/endpoint.ex
* creating my_phoenix_app/test/views/error_view_test.exs
...
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7684; shell &#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;Phoenix &#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x53BB;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x3002;&#x8981;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x80FD;&#x7ED9;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x7684;&#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x4E1C;&#x897F;&#x8BE5;&#x591A;&#x597D;&#x554A;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x5417;?&#x3000;&#x4E0D;&#x5356;&#x5173;&#x5B50;&#x5566;&#xFF0C;&#x597D;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x4EC5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x505A;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E14;&#x7528; Elixir&#x505A;&#x4F1A;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x5BB9;&#x6613;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x8D77;&#x6B65;">&#x8D77;&#x6B65;</h2>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7684; Mix &#x9879;&#x76EE;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ mix new hello

* creating README.md
* creating .gitignore
* creating mix.exs
* creating config
* creating config/config.exs
* creating lib
* creating lib/hello.ex
* creating test
* creating test/test_helper.exs
* creating test/hello_test.exs

Your Mix project was created successfully.
You can use &quot;mix&quot; to compile it, test it, and more:

cd hello
mix test

Run &quot;mix help&quot; for more commands.
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728; Mix &#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x751F;&#x6210;&#x7684; <strong>lib/hello.ex</strong> &#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F1A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA; &quot;Hello, World!&quot; &#x7684;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-elixir"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">defmodule</span> <span class="hljs-title">Hello</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="hljs-variable">@doc</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&quot;
  &#x6BCF;&#x6B21;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x8F93;&#x51FA; `Hello, World!`
  &quot;</span><span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">say</span></span> <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
    IO.puts(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Hello, World!&quot;</span>)
  <span class="hljs-keyword">end</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">end</span>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;-mix-&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;">&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;</h2>
<p>&#x6765;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x5427;&#x3002;&#x65B0;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x6587;&#x4EF6; <strong>hello/lib/mix/tasks/hello.ex</strong>&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x91CC;&#xFF0C;&#x5199;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF17;&#x884C;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-elixir"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">defmodule</span> <span class="hljs-title">Mix</span></span>.Tasks.Hello <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword">use</span> Mix.Task

  <span class="hljs-variable">@shortdoc</span> <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Simply runs the Hello.say/0 command.&quot;</span>
  <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span></span>(<span class="hljs-number">_</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">do</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment"># &#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x521A;&#x624D;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;&#x3000;Hello.say &#x51FD;&#x6570;</span>
    Hello.say()
  <span class="hljs-keyword">end</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">end</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC; defmodule &#x7528; <code>Mix.Tasks</code> &#x5F00;&#x5934;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x63A5;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x60F3;&#x5728;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x91CC;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x65F6;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x884C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528; <code>use Mix.Task</code> &#x628A; <code>Mix.Task</code> &#x8FD9;&#x4E2A; behaviour &#x5F15;&#x5165;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x7A7A;&#x95F4;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x7684; run &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E86; <code>Hello</code> module &#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x3000;<code>say</code> &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="mix-&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;">Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;</h2>
<p>&#x6765;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684; Mix &#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5728;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5904;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x80FD;&#x8D77;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x6572; <code>mix hello</code>&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x4F1A;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ mix hello
Hello, World!
</code></pre>
<p>Mix &#x9ED8;&#x8BA4;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x53CB;&#x597D;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x4EBA;&#x975E;&#x5723;&#x8D24;&#x5B70;&#x80FD;&#x65E0;&#x8FC7;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x4E0D;&#x7ECF;&#x610F;&#x95F4;&#x4F60;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x6253;&#x9519;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5; Mix &#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x6A21;&#x7CCA;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x6765;&#x7ED9;&#x4F60;&#x63A8;&#x8350;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ mix hell
** (Mix) The task &quot;hell&quot; could not be found. Did you mean &quot;hello&quot;?
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x77E5;&#x9053;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#x5230;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x521A;&#x521A;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x6A21;&#x5757;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;(module attribute)&#xFF1F;&#x5C31;&#x662F; <code>@shortdoc</code>&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5C5E;&#x6027;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53D1;&#x5E03;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5728;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x91CC;&#x6572; <code>mix help</code> &#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-shell">$ mix help

mix app.start         # Starts all registered apps
...
mix hello             # Simply calls the Hello.say/0 function.
...
</code></pre>

                                
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